Before the rapid development of artificial intelligence, standardized tests mainly relied on multiple-choice questions because evaluating open-ended tasks required significant resources. Modern large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, Gemini, and Llama, now enable automated assessment of open-ended tasks. Unlike traditional machine learning or deep learning methods, foundational LLMs do...
Cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs) serve as an effective approach to diagnostic assessment in education. This study explores how CDMs can be applied to criterion-referenced standard setting. The relevance of the study lies in the increasing demand for more detailed assessment in education. Modern education systems require not only the sorting of students on the basis of their performance, but...
Introduction
In today’s rapidly evolving technological landscape, the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the workplace has transformed work processes, offering numerous benefits while also introducing new challenges. One such challenge is technostress, a phenomenon describing the strain caused by the pervasive use of ICT. Although technostress affects workers...
Medical professionalism is defined as the commitment of physicians to the health of patients and society, the profession, and themselves. Measuring medical professionalism is crucial as it directly impacts the quality of patient care. The Professionalism Mini-Evaluation Exercise (P-MEX), consisting of 24 items across 4 domains, measures the professional behavior of medical professionals or...
